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Datum Shifts
Coordinate
values resulting from interpreting latitude, longitude, and height values
based on one datum as though they were based in another datum can cause
position errors in three dimensions of up to one kilometer.
Reference Ellipsoids
and
Geodetic Datum Transformation Parameters
(Local to WGS-84)
From
NIMA 8350.2 4 July 1977
and
MADTRAN 1 October 1996
Reference Ellipsoids
Ellipsoid |
Semi-major axis |
1/flattening |
Airy 1830, |
6377563.396 |
299.3249646 |
Modified Airy |
6377340.189 |
299.3249646 |
Australian National |
6378160 |
298.25 |
Bessel 1841 (Namibia) |
6377483.865 |
299.1528128 |
Bessel 1841 |
6377397.155 |
299.1528128 |
Clarke 1866, |
6378206.4 |
294.9786982 |
Clarke 1880, |
6378249.145 |
293.465 |
Everest (India 1830)" |
6377276.345 |
300.8017 |
Everest (Sabah Sarawak) |
6377298.556 |
300.8017 |
Everest (India 1956) |
6377301.243 |
300.8017 |
Everest (Malaysia 1969) |
6377295.664 |
300.8017 |
Everest (Malay. & Sing) |
6377304.063 |
300.8017 |
Everest (Pakistan) |
6377309.613 |
300.8017 |
Modified Fischer 1960 |
6378155 |
298.3 |
Helmert 1906 |
6378200 |
298.3 |
Hough 1960 |
6378270 |
297 |
Indonesian 1974 |
6378160 |
298.247 |
International 1924 |
6378388 |
297 |
Krassovsky 1940 |
6378245 |
298.3 |
GRS 80 |
6378137 |
298.257222101 |
South American 1969 |
6378160 |
298.25 |
WGS 72 |
6378135 |
298.26 |
WGS 84 |
6378137 |
298.257223563 |
all about global positioning system page: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.9.10,11,12